@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in } p { line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.1in; background: transparent } h2 { margin-top: 0.14in; margin-bottom: 0.08in; background: transparent; page-break-after: avoid } h2.western { font-family: "Liberation Serif", serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold } h2.cjk { font-family: "Noto Serif CJK SC"; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold } h2.ctl { font-family: "Lohit Devanagari"; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold } h1 { margin-bottom: 0.08in; background: transparent; page-break-after: avoid } h1.western { font-family: "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold } h1.cjk { font-family: "Noto Sans CJK SC"; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold } h1.ctl { font-family: "Lohit Devanagari"; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold } a:link { color: #000080; so-language: zxx; text-decoration: underline } code.western { font-family: "Liberation Mono", monospace } code.cjk { font-family: "Noto Sans Mono CJK SC", monospace } code.ctl { font-family: "Liberation Mono", monospace } a:visited { color: #800000; so-language: zxx; text-decoration: underline }
-enabling SSH
[https://randomnerdtutorials.com/installing-raspbian-lite-enabling-and-connecting-with-ssh/](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/installing-raspbian-lite-enabling-and-connecting-with-ssh/)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
enabling
+SSH
https://randomnerdtutorials.com/installing-raspbian-lite-enabling-and-connecting-with-ssh/
add file “ssh” into boot folderadd
+ file “ssh” into boot folder
Establishing an SSH Communication
$ sudo ssh [pi@192.168.178.25](mailto:pi@192.168.178.25)
user: pi, pass: pi
Shutting Down
$ sudo poweroff
[https://randomnerdtutorials.com/raspberry-pi-apache-mysql-php-lamp-server/](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/raspberry-pi-apache-mysql-php-lamp-server/)
[https://www.instructables.com/Installing-LAMP-Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP-on-a-Raspbe/](https://www.instructables.com/Installing-LAMP-Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP-on-a-Raspbe/)
Updating and Upgrading
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
Install Apache2
$ sudo apt install apache2 -y
Testing Apache installation
$ cd /var/www/html
$ ls -al
This should show “index.html”
get RasPi IP address
$ hostname -I
enter IP address into Browser → the Apache Debian page should appear
Install PHP
$ cd /var/www/html
$ sudo apt install php -y
$ sudo rm index.html
$ sudo nano index.php
Add following script into the php file:
<?php echo "hello world"; ?>
Save with Ctrl+X >> y >> Enter, ``or Ctrl+O >> Enter >> Ctrl+X
OR
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
OR
$ echo "<?php phpinfo ();?>" > /var/www/html/index.php
Restart Apache
$ sudo service apache2 restart
test if Apache2 is serving .php files by opening RasPi IP address in browser
if all is fine, index.php can be removed
$ sudo rm index.php
Install MySQL (MariaDB Server)
$ sudo apt install mariadb-server php-mysql -y
$ sudo service apache2 restart
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation
In all cases, answer with y
create new user “``admin” with password “``your_password”
$ sudo mysql --user=root --password
> create user admin@localhost identified by 'your_password';
> grant all privileges on *.* to admin@localhost;
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
> exit;
Important to generate user that is not limited to a certain domain!!
> ``grant all privileges on *.* to 'admin3'@'%';
Install phpMyAdmin
$ cd /var/www/html
$ sudo apt install phpmyadmin -y
Options:
+
+
Establishing
+an SSH Communication
$
+sudo ssh pi@192.168.178.25
user:
+pi, pass: pi
+
+
Shutting
+Down
$
+sudo poweroff
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
https://randomnerdtutorials.com/raspberry-pi-apache-mysql-php-lamp-server/
https://www.instructables.com/Installing-LAMP-Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP-on-a-Raspbe/
+
+
+
+
Updating
+and Upgrading
$
+sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Install
+Apache2
$
+sudo apt install apache2 -y
+
+
Testing
+Apache installation
$
+cd /var/www/html
$
+ls -al
This
+should show “index.html”
+
+
get
+RasPi IP address
$
+hostname -I
+
+
enter
+IP address into Browser → the Apache Debian page should appear
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Install
+PHP
$
+cd /var/www/html
$
+sudo apt install php -y
$
+sudo rm index.html
+
+
$
+sudo nano index.php
Add
+following script into the php file:
<?php
+echo "hello world"; ?>
Save
+with Ctrl+X >> y >> Enter, or
+Ctrl+O >> Enter >> Ctrl+X
OR
<?php
+phpinfo(); ?>
OR
$
+echo "<?php phpinfo ();?>" >
+/var/www/html/index.php
+
+
Restart
+Apache
$
+sudo service apache2 restart
+
+
test
+if Apache2 is serving .php files by opening RasPi IP address in
+browser
+
+
+
if
+all is fine, index.php can be removed
$
+sudo rm index.php
+
+
+
+
+
+
Install
+MySQL (MariaDB Server)
$
+sudo apt install mariadb-server php-mysql -y
$
+sudo service apache2 restart
$
+sudo mysql_secure_installation
In
+all cases, answer with y
+
+
create
+new user “admin”
+with password “your_password”
$
+sudo mysql --user=root --password
>
+create user admin@localhost identified by 'your_password';
>
+grant all privileges on *.* to admin@localhost;
>
+FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
>
+exit;
+
+
Important
+to generate user that is not limited to a certain domain!!
>
+grant
+all privileges on *.* to 'admin3'@'%';
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Install
+phpMyAdmin
$
+cd /var/www/html
$
+sudo apt install phpmyadmin -y
+
+
Options:
dbconfig-common
Apache2
Configuring phpmyadmin? OK
Configure database for phpmyadmin with dbconfig-common? Yes
Password: pi
dbconfig-common
Apache2
Configuring
+ phpmyadmin? OK
Configure
+ database for phpmyadmin with dbconfig-common? Yes
Password:
+ pi
$ sudo phpenmod mysqli
$ sudo service apache2 restart
open following address
http://192.168.``178.25``/phpmyadmin
if “Not Found”
$ cd /var/www/html
$ sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/html/phpmyadmin
$ ls
>> ``phpmyadmin
again, open following address
[http://192.168.178.25/phpmyadmin](http://192.168.178.25/phpmyadmin)
login with username=root, password=pi
change the permissions for your /var/www/html/ folder.
$ cd ~
$ ls -lh /var/www/
$ sudo chown -R pi:www-data /var/www/html/
$ sudo chmod -R 770 /var/www/html/
$ ls -lh /var/www/
[https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-esp8266-raspberry-pi-lamp-server/](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-esp8266-raspberry-pi-lamp-server/)
Create database:
+
+
$
+sudo phpenmod mysqli
$
+sudo service apache2 restart
+
+
open
+following address
+http://192.168.178.25/phpmyadmin
+
+
if
+“Not Found”
$
+cd /var/www/html
$
+sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/html/phpmyadmin
$
+ls
>>
+phpmyadmin
+
+
again,
+open following address
http://192.168.178.25/phpmyadmin
+
+
login
+with username=root, password=pi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
change
+the permissions for your /var/www/html/ folder.
$
+cd ~
$
+ls -lh /var/www/
$
+sudo chown -R pi:www-data /var/www/html/
$
+sudo chmod -R 770 /var/www/html/
$
+ls -lh /var/www/
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-esp8266-raspberry-pi-lamp-server/
+
+
+
+
Create
+database:
esp_data
utf8mb4_general_ci
esp_data
utf8mb4_general_ci
Create table by calling SQL query:
CREATE TABLE SensorData (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
sensor VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
location VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
value1 VARCHAR(10),
value2 VARCHAR(10),
value3 VARCHAR(10),
reading_time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
PHP script that is responsible for receiving incoming requests from the ESP32 or ESP8266 and inserting the data into a MySQL database.
$ cd ~
$ ``nano /var/www/html/post-esp-data.php
[https://github.com/ChuckBell/MySQL_Connector_Arduino/wiki/Troubleshooting](https://github.com/ChuckBell/MySQL_Connector_Arduino/wiki/Troubleshooting)
tr to connect to msql from another computer:
$ ``mysql -u``admin`` -p``pi`` –h192.168.178.25 –port=3306
$ ``mysql --u``ser=``admin`` --p``assword=``pi`` --h``ost=``192.168.178.25 --port=3306
$ ``mysql --u``ser=``admin`` --p``assword=``pi`` --h``ost= 127.0.0.1`` --port=3306
$ ``mysql -u ``admin`` -p ``pi`` -h 127.0.0.1 test_arduino
Important in case of “ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket”
$ sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
Here, the binding address = 127.0.0.1 must be commented out!!!
[https://pawelrychlicki.pl/Article/Details/65/fixing-sqlstatehy000-2002-in-the-nextcloudowncloud-with-the-mysqlmariadb-and-the-tlsssl-ubuntu-linux-1804-server](https://pawelrychlicki.pl/Article/Details/65/fixing-sqlstatehy000-2002-in-the-nextcloudowncloud-with-the-mysqlmariadb-and-the-tlsssl-ubuntu-linux-1804-server)
Configuring WiFi in headless mode[https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/wireless-cli.md](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/wireless-cli.md)
[https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2021/01/25/three-methods-to-configure-raspberry-pi-wifi/](https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2021/01/25/three-methods-to-configure-raspberry-pi-wifi/)
sshTo enable SSH on a headless Raspberry Pi, simply place a file named “ssh”, without any extension, onto the boot partition of the SD card from another computer. This will tell Raspberry Pi to enable SSH when booting. The content of the file does not matter.
wpa_supplicant.conf $ ``sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=``<Country Code>
network={
ssid="``<SSID>``"
psk="``<PASSWORD>``"
scan_ssid=1
}
Arduino script for writing to MariaDB/MySQL databaseCheck sketch “Complex_Insert_WiFi_BE”
Showing DB content as html page[https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-esp8266-raspberry-pi-lamp-server/](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-esp8266-raspberry-pi-lamp-server/)
$ nano /var/www/html/esp-data.php
open page http://192.168.178.25/esp-data.php
esp-data.php<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><body>
<?php
/*
Rui Santos
Complete project details at https://RandomNerdTutorials.com/esp32-esp8266-mysql-database-php/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files.
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*/
$servername = "``192.168.178.25``";
// REPLACE with your Database name
$dbname = "``test_arduino``";
// REPLACE with Database user
$username = "``admin3``";
// REPLACE with Database user password
$password = "``pi``";
// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
$sql = "SELECT ``num``, ``message, ``sensor_``num``, ``value``, ``recorded`` FROM ``hello_sensor`` ORDER BY ``num`` DESC";
echo '<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5">
<tr>
<td>``num``</td>
<td>``message``</td>
<td>``sensor``_num``</td>
<td>``v``alue``</td>
<td>``recorded``</td>
</tr>';
if ($result = $conn->query($sql)) {
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
$row_``num`` = $row["``num``"];
$row_``message`` = $row["``message``"];
$row_``sensor_num`` = $row["``sensor_num``"];
$row_``value`` = $row["``value``"];
$row_``re``corded`` = $row["``recorded``"];
// Uncomment to set timezone to - 1 hour (you can change 1 to any number)
//$row_reading_time = date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime("$row_reading_time - 1 hours"));
// Uncomment to set timezone to + 4 hours (you can change 4 to any number)
//$row_reading_time = date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime("$row_reading_time + 4 hours"));
echo '<tr>
<td>' . $row_``num`` . '</td>
<td>' . $row_``message`` . '</td>
<td>' . $row_``sensor_``num`` . '</td>
<td>' . $row_``value`` . '</td>
<td>' . $row_``r``ecorded`` . '</td>
</tr>';
}
$result->free();
}
$conn->close();
?>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Plotting of data from ``MariaDB/MySQL database[https://randomnerdtutorials.com/visualize-esp32-esp8266-sensor-readings-from-anywhere/](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/visualize-esp32-esp8266-sensor-readings-from-anywhere/)
$ ``sudo nano /var/www/html/esp-``chart``.php
esp-chart.php<!--
Rui Santos
Complete project details at https://RandomNerdTutorials.com
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files.
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-->
<?php
$servername = "``192.168.178.25``";
// REPLACE with your Database name
$dbname = "``test_arduino``";
// REPLACE with Database user
$username = "``admin3``";
// REPLACE with Database user password
$password = "``pi``";
// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
$sql = "SELECT ``num``, ``message, ``sensor_``num``, ``value, ``value_h``, ``recorded`` FROM ``hello_sensor ``WHERE sensor_num = 0`` ORDER BY ``num`` DESC limit 40";
$result = $conn->query($sql);
while ($data = $result->fetch_assoc()){
$sensor_data[] = $data;
}
$``recorded`` = array_column($sensor_data, '``recorded``');
// ******* Uncomment to convert readings time array to your timezone ********
/*$i = 0;
foreach ($readings_time as $reading){
// Uncomment to set timezone to - 1 hour (you can change 1 to any number)
$readings_time[$i] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime("$reading - 1 hours"));
// Uncomment to set timezone to + 4 hours (you can change 4 to any number)
//$readings_time[$i] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime("$reading + 4 hours"));
$i += 1;
}*/
$``value`` = json_encode(array_reverse(array_column($sensor_data, '``value``')), JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK);
$``value_``h`` = json_encode(array_reverse(array_column($sensor_data, '``value_``h``')), JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK);
$``recorded`` = json_encode(array_reverse($``recorded``), JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK);
/*echo $value1;
echo $value2;
echo $value3;
echo $reading_time;*/
$result->free();
$conn->close();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<script src="https://code.highcharts.com/highcharts.js"></script>
<style>
body {
min-width: 310px;
max-width: 1280px;
height: 500px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
h2 {
font-family: Arial;
font-size: 2.5rem;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<body>
<h2>ESP Weather Station</h2>
<div id="chart-temperature" class="container"></div>
<div id="chart-humidity" class="container"></div>
<script>
var ``value`` = <?php echo $``value``; ?>;
var ``value_``h`` = <?php echo $``value_``h``; ?>;
var ``recorded`` = <?php echo $``recorded``; ?>;
var chartT = new Highcharts.Chart({
chart:{ renderTo : 'chart-temperature' },
title: { text: 'BME280 Temperature' },
series: [{
showInLegend: false,
data: ``value
}],
plotOptions: {
line: { animation: false,
dataLabels: { enabled: true }
},
series: { color: '#059e8a' }
},
xAxis: {
type: 'datetime',
categories: ``recorded
},
yAxis: {
title: { text: 'Temperature (Celsius)' }
//title: { text: 'Temperature (Fahrenheit)' }
},
credits: { enabled: false }
});
var chartH = new Highcharts.Chart({
chart:{ renderTo:'chart-humidity' },
title: { text: 'BME280 Humidity' },
series: [{
showInLegend: false,
data: ``value_``h
}],
plotOptions: {
line: { animation: false,
dataLabels: { enabled: true }
}
},
xAxis: {
type: 'datetime',
//dateTimeLabelFormats: { second: '%H:%M:%S' },
categories: ``recorded
},
yAxis: {
title: { text: 'Humidity (%)' }
},
credits: { enabled: false }
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Using canvas.js[https://canvasjs.com/php-charts/multiseries-chart/](https://canvasjs.com/php-charts/multiseries-chart/)
External access to LAMP serverport 22 (ssh), port 80 (http)
[https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/105080/how-to-remote-to-raspberry-pi-from-outside-local-network](https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/105080/how-to-remote-to-raspberry-pi-from-outside-local-network)
[https://howtoraspberrypi.com/enable-mysql-remote-connection-raspberry-pi/](https://howtoraspberrypi.com/enable-mysql-remote-connection-raspberry-pi/)
Configure MySQL to accept external connections to Raspberry Pi
$ sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1 ``<<<<< comment the line bind-address
optionall``y ``m``odify the MySQL port ``to reduce risk of attacks, e.g.
port = 8457
$ ``/etc/init.d/mysql restart
RasPi as Samba server[https://aallan.medium.com/adding-an-external-disk-to-a-raspberry-pi-and-sharing-it-over-the-network-5b321efce86a](https://aallan.medium.com/adding-an-external-disk-to-a-raspberry-pi-and-sharing-it-over-the-network-5b321efce86a)
SMB is the best protocol for use on multiple platforms due to superior interoperability
in case of issue “chown: changing ownership of '...': Operation not permitted”:
[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25559700/chown-command-returning-operation-not-permitted](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25559700/chown-command-returning-operation-not-permitted)
get uid:
$ cat /etc/passwd |grep pi
get gid:
$ ``cat /etc/group |grep pi
Give pi:pi access to the entire /``mnt/usb`` mount:
$ sudo mount -o remount,gid=``<pi's gid>``,uid=``<pi's uid>`` /mnt/usb
Attention: ``FAT file system doesn't support such permissions, so they can't be applied after the drive is mounted
[https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/40408/how-to-change-permissions-on-external-hard-drive-connected-to-raspberry](https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/40408/how-to-change-permissions-on-external-hard-drive-connected-to-raspberry)
Instead, drive should be formatted with pi user ``and/or ntfs file sstem``?
Mounting USB drive ``that is``**NTFS**``**???-**``formatted`` under specific name:
$ ``sudo ``fdisk -l
$ sudo umount ``/dev/sda1
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/usb
$ sudo chown -R pi:pi /mnt/usb
seems like this command has to be used each time the usb drive is connected: ``$ ``sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb -o uid=pi,gid=pi
append following text to this file for automatic mounting under the specified path:
$ sudo nano ``/etc/fstab
/dev/sda1 /mnt/usb auto defaults,user 0 1
OR:
/dev/sda1 /mnt/usb ``ntfs-3g`` defaults,user,uid=``1000``,gid=``1000``,noatime 0 0
[https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/40408/how-to-change-permissions-on-external-hard-drive-connected-to-raspberry](https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/40408/how-to-change-permissions-on-external-hard-drive-connected-to-raspberry)
Make the drive accessible from the network ``by adding following text``:
$ sudo apt-get install samba samba-common-bin
$ sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
[share]
Comment`` = Shared Folder
Path = /mnt/usb
Browseable = yes
Writeable = Yes
only guest = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
Public = yes
Guest ok = yes
$ chmod 1777 ``/mnt/usb ``**<<<< the uSB should be mounted under this name**
$ sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
sudo service smbd restart
sudo service smbd status
[https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=56149](https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=56149)
$ ``sudo df
$ ``cd /media
$ ``sudo mkdir HDD
$ ``sudo nano /etc/fstab
/dev/sda1 /media/HDD ntfs-3g defaults,noatime 0 0
$ cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak //Make a backup of the config file
$ ``nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
[media]
comment = Media share
path = /media/HDD
valid users = @users
force group = users
create mask = 0660
directory mask = 0771
read only = no
sudo service samba restart
sudo useradd ChooseUsernameHere -m -G users
sudo passwd TheChosenUsername //after this choose a password for the new user
sudo smbpasswd -a TheChosenUsername //after this enter passwd again
>>>>>>>>>>> ``userA pi
mount in Win10/Linux/etc. ``a``s ``smb://192.``1``68.178.25/
[https://raspberrytips.com/format-mount-usb-drive/](https://raspberrytips.com/format-mount-usb-drive/)
Formatting USB stick with RasPi:
$ ``sudo fdisk -l
$ ``sudo fdisk /dev/sda``1
Create a new partition table : g (for GPT, use help for other format)
Create a new partition : n
You can keep the default values for a single partition
Confirm with Y to remove the signature
And finally write and exit fdisk: w
$ ``sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 ``OR: $ ``sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1 ``OR: $ ``sudo mkfs.ntfs /dev/sda1
[https://thepihut.com/blogs/raspberry-pi-tutorials/17699796-formatting-and-mounting-a-usb-drive-from-a-terminal-window](https://thepihut.com/blogs/raspberry-pi-tutorials/17699796-formatting-and-mounting-a-usb-drive-from-a-terminal-window)
$ ``sudo mkfs -t vfat -I /dev/sd``a``1
$ ``sudo mount /dev/sd``a``1 /``mnt/u``sb`` -o umask=000
$ sudo umount /mnt/usb
Filtering rows with SQL[https://chartio.com/blog/simple-sql-filtering-rows/](https://chartio.com/blog/simple-sql-filtering-rows/)
SELECT column_name1, column_name2
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name1 operator value;
SELECT *
FROM hello_sensor
WHERE sensor_num = 0
ORDER BY `hello_sensor`.`recorded` DESC
P``ython MySQLPython MySQL Querying Data[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44634810/fastest-way-to-fetch-table-from-mysql-into-pandas](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44634810/fastest-way-to-fetch-table-from-mysql-into-pandas)
MyEngine=create_engine('[YourDatabase]://[User]:[Pass]@[Host]/[DatabaseName]', echo = True)
**Downloading:**
df = pd.read_sql_query('select * from [TableName]', con= MyEngine)
**Uploading:**
df.to_sql([TableName], MyEngine, if_exists = 'append', index=False)
Using ``mysql ``module[https://www.mysqltutorial.org/python-mysql-query/](https://www.mysqltutorial.org/python-mysql-query/)
[https://www.codespeedy.com/fetch-data-from-mysql-table-in-python-program/](https://www.codespeedy.com/fetch-data-from-mysql-table-in-python-program/)
[https://www.krazyprogrammer.com/2020/11/fetch-and-display-data-from-mysql-using.html](https://www.krazyprogrammer.com/2020/11/fetch-and-display-data-from-mysql-using.html)
pip install mysql-connector
[https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_mysql/python_mysql_select_data.htm](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_mysql/python_mysql_select_data.htm)
import mysql.connector
#establishing the connection
conn = mysql.connector.connect(
user='``admin3``', password='``pi``', host='192.168.178.25', database='``test_arduino``'
)
#Creating a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor = conn.cursor()
#Retrieving single row
quer``y`` = '''SELECT * from ``hello_sensor``'''
#Executing the query
cursor.execute(``quer``y``)
#Fetching 1st row from the table
result = cursor.fetchone();
print(result)
#Fetching ``first two`` row``s`` from the table
result = cursor.fetchmany(size=2);
print(result)
#Fetching ``all`` row``s`` from the table
result = cursor.fetchall();
print(result)
#Closing the connection
conn.close()
Create table[https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_mysql/python_mysql_create_table.htm](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_mysql/python_mysql_create_table.htm)
import mysql.connector
#establishing the connection
conn = mysql.connector.connect(
user='root', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', database='mydb'
)
#Creating a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor = conn.cursor()
#Dropping EMPLOYEE table if already exists.
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS EMPLOYEE")
#Creating table as per requirement
sql ='''CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
FIRST_NAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
LAST_NAME CHAR(20),
AGE INT,
SEX CHAR(1),
INCOME FLOAT
)'''
cursor.execute(sql)
#Closing the connection
conn.close()
Insert data[https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_mysql/python_mysql_insert_data.htm](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_mysql/python_mysql_insert_data.htm)
import mysql.connector
#establishing the connection
conn = mysql.connector.connect(
user='root', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', database='mydb'
)
#Creating a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor = conn.cursor()
# Preparing SQL query to INSERT a record into the database.
insert_stmt = (
"INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE(FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX, INCOME)"
"VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)"
)
data = ('Ramya', 'Ramapriya', 25, 'F', 5000)
try:
# Executing the SQL command
cursor.execute(insert_stmt, data)
# Commit your changes in the database
conn.commit()
except:
# Rolling back in case of error
conn.rollback()
# Closing the connection
conn.close()
Schedule periodic RasPi reboot[https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/2150/how-do-i-reboot-at-a-specific-time](https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/2150/how-do-i-reboot-at-a-specific-time)
[https://smarthomepursuits.com/how-to-reboot-raspberry-pi-on-a-schedule/](https://smarthomepursuits.com/how-to-reboot-raspberry-pi-on-a-schedule/)
$ ``sudo crontab -e
>>>>> choose nano editor
>>>>> enter following command at end of file for ``daily ``reboot at 13:03:
03 13 * * * /sbin/shutdown -r now
Check time in Linux commandline:
[https://www.lifewire.com/display-date-time-using-linux-command-line-4032698](https://www.lifewire.com/display-date-time-using-linux-command-line-4032698)
$ date
Install KeePass[https://keepass.info/download.html](https://keepass.info/download.html)
[https://sourceforge.net/p/keepass/discussion/329220/thread/17d1bd26/](https://sourceforge.net/p/keepass/discussion/329220/thread/17d1bd26/)
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:jtaylor/keepass
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install keepass2
Clean`` the repository of downloaded packages[https://askubuntu.com/questions/634820/how-can-i-delete-ubuntu-temp-files-which-are-created-during-software-installatio](https://askubuntu.com/questions/634820/how-can-i-delete-ubuntu-temp-files-which-are-created-during-software-installatio)
sudo ``apt-get autoclean
sudo ``apt-get clean
cleanup a /var/log/journal in LinuxHow to tell how much space is being taken?
$ ``journalctl --disk-usage
Fix: Option 3 (RECOMMENDED!):
$ journalctl --vacuum-size=500M
This will delete old log files until the directory reaches the threshold size stipulated, in our case, 500M.
Change permission of mounted drive$ ``sudo chmod -R 770 /media/bora/Medien
sudo mount -o rw,remount /``media/bora/Medien
[https://askubuntu.com/questions/948416/changing-ownership-of-read-only-file-system-i-cant-move-delete-rename-any-f](https://askubuntu.com/questions/948416/changing-ownership-of-read-only-file-system-i-cant-move-delete-rename-any-f)
$ ``mount -v | grep "^/" | awk '{print "\nPartition identifier: " $1 "\n Mountpoint: " $3}'
$ ``sudo mount -o remount,rw /``dev/sda5`` /``media/bora/Medien
“``If you are on a dual boot system and getting the error related to the read-only file system. One probable cause could be that your other system is not correctly shut down and might be in hibernation or sleep. So login to that system and shut it down properly and religion to your Linux system. this resolved the issue in my system”
+
+
+
+
Create
+table by calling SQL query:
CREATE
+TABLE SensorData (
+ id
+INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
+ sensor
+VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
+ location
+VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
+ value1
+VARCHAR(10),
+ value2
+VARCHAR(10),
+ value3
+VARCHAR(10),
+ reading_time
+TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
+
+
+
+
PHP
+script that is responsible for receiving incoming requests from the
+ESP32 or ESP8266 and inserting the data into a MySQL database.
$
+cd ~
$
+nano
+/var/www/html/post-esp-data.php
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
https://github.com/ChuckBell/MySQL_Connector_Arduino/wiki/Troubleshooting
tr
+to connect to msql from another computer:
$
+mysql
+-uadmin
+-ppi
+–h192.168.178.25 –port=3306
$
+mysql
+--user=admin
+--password=pi
+--host=192.168.178.25
+--port=3306
$
+mysql
+--user=admin
+--password=pi
+--host=
+127.0.0.1
+--port=3306
+
+
$
+mysql
+-u admin
+-p pi
+-h 127.0.0.1 test_arduino
+
+
+
+
+
+
Important
+in case of “ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server
+through socket”
$
+sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
+
Here,
+the binding address = 127.0.0.1 must be commented out!!!
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Configuring
+WiFi in headless modehttps://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/wireless-cli.md
https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2021/01/25/three-methods-to-configure-raspberry-pi-wifi/
+
+
+
sshTo
+enable SSH on a headless Raspberry Pi, simply place a file named
+“ssh”, without any extension, onto the boot partition of the SD
+card from another computer. This will tell Raspberry Pi to enable SSH
+when booting. The content of the file does not matter.
+
+
+
wpa_supplicant.conf
+
+$ sudo
+nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
+
+
+
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
+GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=<Country
+Code>
network={
ssid="<SSID>"
psk="<PASSWORD>"
scan_ssid=1
}
+
+
+
Arduino
+script for writing to MariaDB/MySQL databaseCheck
+sketch “Complex_Insert_WiFi_BE”
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Showing
+DB content as html pagehttps://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-esp8266-raspberry-pi-lamp-server/
+
+
+
$ nano
+/var/www/html/esp-data.php
+
+
+
open
+page http://192.168.178.25/esp-data.php
+
+
+
esp-data.php<!DOCTYPE
+html>
<html><body>
<?php
/*
Rui
+Santos
Complete
+project details at
+https://RandomNerdTutorials.com/esp32-esp8266-mysql-database-php/
+
Permission
+is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of
+this software and associated documentation files.
+
The
+above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all
copies
+or substantial portions of the Software.
*/
+
+
+
$servername
+= "192.168.178.25";
+
+
+
//
+REPLACE with your Database name
$dbname
+= "test_arduino";
//
+REPLACE with Database user
$username
+= "admin3";
//
+REPLACE with Database user password
$password
+= "pi";
+
+
+
//
+Create connection
$conn =
+new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
//
+Check connection
if
+($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection
+failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
+
+
+
+
$sql =
+"SELECT num,
+message,
+sensor_num,
+value,
+recorded
+FROM hello_sensor
+ORDER BY num
+DESC";
+
+
+
echo
+'<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5">
<tr>
+
+
<td>num</td>
+
+
<td>message</td>
+
+
<td>sensor_num</td>
+
+
<td>value</td>
+
+
<td>recorded</td>
+
+
</tr>';
+
if
+($result = $conn->query($sql)) {
while
+($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
$row_num
+= $row["num"];
$row_message
+= $row["message"];
$row_sensor_num
+= $row["sensor_num"];
$row_value
+= $row["value"];
$row_recorded
+= $row["recorded"];
//
+Uncomment to set timezone to - 1 hour (you can change 1 to any
+number)
//$row_reading_time
+= date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime("$row_reading_time - 1
+hours"));
+
//
+Uncomment to set timezone to + 4 hours (you can change 4 to any
+number)
//$row_reading_time
+= date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime("$row_reading_time + 4
+hours"));
+
echo
+'<tr>
+
<td>'
+. $row_num
+. '</td>
+
<td>'
+. $row_message
+. '</td>
+
<td>'
+. $row_sensor_num
+. '</td>
+
<td>'
+. $row_value
+. '</td>
+
<td>'
+. $row_recorded
+. '</td>
+
</tr>';
}
$result->free();
}
+
+
+
$conn->close();
?>
+
</table>
</body>
</html>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Plotting
+of data from MariaDB/MySQL
+databasehttps://randomnerdtutorials.com/visualize-esp32-esp8266-sensor-readings-from-anywhere/
+
+
+
$ sudo
+nano /var/www/html/esp-chart.php
esp-chart.php
+
+
+
<!--
Rui
+Santos
Complete
+project details at https://RandomNerdTutorials.com
+
Permission
+is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of
+this software and associated documentation files.
+
The
+above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+in all
copies
+or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+
+
-->
<?php
+
+
+
$servername
+= "192.168.178.25";
+
+
+
//
+REPLACE with your Database name
$dbname
+= "test_arduino";
//
+REPLACE with Database user
$username
+= "admin3";
//
+REPLACE with Database user password
$password
+= "pi";
+
+
+
//
+Create connection
$conn =
+new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
//
+Check connection
if
+($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection
+failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
+
+
+
+
$sql =
+"SELECT num,
+message,
+sensor_num,
+value,
+value_h,
+recorded
+FROM hello_sensor
+WHERE
+sensor_num = 0
+ORDER BY num
+DESC limit 40";
+
+
+
$result
+= $conn->query($sql);
+
+
+
while
+($data = $result->fetch_assoc()){
$sensor_data[]
+= $data;
}
+
+
+
$recorded
+= array_column($sensor_data, 'recorded');
+
+
+
//
+******* Uncomment to convert readings time array to your timezone
+********
/*$i =
+0;
foreach
+($readings_time as $reading){
//
+Uncomment to set timezone to - 1 hour (you can change 1 to any
+number)
$readings_time[$i]
+= date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime("$reading - 1
+hours"));
//
+Uncomment to set timezone to + 4 hours (you can change 4 to any
+number)
//$readings_time[$i]
+= date("Y-m-d H:i:s", strtotime("$reading + 4
+hours"));
$i
++= 1;
}*/
+
+
+
$value
+= json_encode(array_reverse(array_column($sensor_data, 'value')),
+JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK);
$value_h
+= json_encode(array_reverse(array_column($sensor_data, 'value_h')),
+JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK);
$recorded
+= json_encode(array_reverse($recorded),
+JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK);
+
+
+
/*echo
+$value1;
echo
+$value2;
echo
+$value3;
echo
+$reading_time;*/
+
+
+
$result->free();
$conn->close();
?>
+
+
+
<!DOCTYPE
+html>
<html>
<meta
+name="viewport" content="width=device-width,
+initial-scale=1">
<script
+src="https://code.highcharts.com/highcharts.js"></script>
<style>
body
+{
min-width:
+310px;
max-width:
+1280px;
height:
+500px;
margin:
+0 auto;
}
h2
+{
font-family:
+Arial;
font-size:
+2.5rem;
text-align:
+center;
}
</style>
<body>
<h2>ESP
+Weather Station</h2>
<div
+id="chart-temperature" class="container"></div>
<div
+id="chart-humidity" class="container"></div>
<script>
+
+
+
var
+value
+= <?php echo $value;
+?>;
var
+value_h
+= <?php echo $value_h;
+?>;
var
+recorded
+= <?php echo $recorded;
+?>;
+
+
+
var
+chartT = new Highcharts.Chart({
chart:{
+renderTo : 'chart-temperature' },
title:
+{ text: 'BME280 Temperature' },
series:
+[{
showInLegend:
+false,
data:
+value
}],
plotOptions:
+{
line:
+{ animation: false,
dataLabels:
+{ enabled: true }
},
series:
+{ color: '#059e8a' }
},
xAxis:
+{
+
type:
+'datetime',
categories:
+recorded
},
yAxis:
+{
title:
+{ text: 'Temperature (Celsius)' }
//title:
+{ text: 'Temperature (Fahrenheit)' }
},
credits:
+{ enabled: false }
});
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
var
+chartH = new Highcharts.Chart({
chart:{
+renderTo:'chart-humidity' },
title:
+{ text: 'BME280 Humidity' },
series:
+[{
showInLegend:
+false,
data:
+value_h
}],
plotOptions:
+{
line:
+{ animation: false,
dataLabels:
+{ enabled: true }
}
},
xAxis:
+{
type:
+'datetime',
//dateTimeLabelFormats:
+{ second: '%H:%M:%S' },
categories:
+recorded
},
yAxis:
+{
title:
+{ text: 'Humidity (%)' }
},
credits:
+{ enabled: false }
});
+
+
+
</script>
</body>
</html>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Using
+canvas.jshttps://canvasjs.com/php-charts/multiseries-chart/
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
External
+access to LAMP serverport 22
+(ssh), port 80 (http)
+
+
+
+
+
+
https://howtoraspberrypi.com/enable-mysql-remote-connection-raspberry-pi/
Configure
+MySQL to accept external connections to Raspberry Pi
$ sudo
+nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
#bind-address
+= 127.0.0.1 <<<<<
+comment the line bind-address
optionally
+modify
+the MySQL port to
+reduce risk of attacks, e.g.
port =
+8457
+
+
+
$
+/etc/init.d/mysql
+restart
+
+
+
+
+
+
RasPi
+as Samba serverSMB is
+the best protocol for use on multiple platforms due to superior
+interoperability
+
+
+
in case
+of issue “chown: changing ownership of '...': Operation not
+permitted”:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25559700/chown-command-returning-operation-not-permitted
get
+uid:
$ cat
+/etc/passwd |grep pi
get
+gid:
$ cat
+/etc/group |grep pi
Give
+pi:pi access to the entire /mnt/usb
+mount:
$ sudo
+mount -o remount,gid=<pi's
+gid>,uid=<pi's
+uid>
+/mnt/usb
+
+
+
Attention:
+FAT
+file system doesn't support such permissions, so they can't be
+applied after the drive is mounted
Instead,
+drive should be formatted with pi user and/or
+ntfs file sstem?
+
+
+
+
+
+
Mounting
+USB drive that
+is
+NTFS???-formatted
+under specific name:
$ sudo
+fdisk
+-l
$ sudo
+umount /dev/sda1
$ sudo
+mkdir /mnt/usb
$ sudo
+chown -R pi:pi /mnt/usb
seems
+like this command has to be used each time the usb drive is
+connected: $
+sudo
+mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usb -o uid=pi,gid=pi
+
+
+
append
+following text to this file for automatic mounting under the
+specified path:
$ sudo
+nano /etc/fstab
/dev/sda1
+/mnt/usb auto defaults,user 0 1
OR:
/dev/sda1 /mnt/usb ntfs-3g
+defaults,user,uid=1000,gid=1000,noatime 0 0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Make
+the drive accessible from the network by
+adding following text:
$ sudo
+apt-get install samba samba-common-bin
$ sudo
+nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
[share]
Comment
+= Shared Folder
Path
+= /mnt/usb
Browseable
+= yes
Writeable
+= Yes
only
+guest = no
create
+mask = 0777
directory
+mask = 0777
Public
+= yes
Guest
+ok = yes
+
+
+
$ chmod
+1777 /mnt/usb
+<<<<
+the uSB should be mounted under this name
$ sudo
+/etc/init.d/samba restart
+
+
+
+
+
+
sudo
+service smbd restart
sudo
+service smbd status
+
+
+
+
+
+
https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=56149
$ sudo
+df
$ cd
+/media
$ sudo
+mkdir HDD
$ sudo
+nano /etc/fstab
/dev/sda1
+ /media/HDD ntfs-3g defaults,noatime 0 0
$ cp
+/etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak //Make a backup of the
+config file
$ nano
+/etc/samba/smb.conf
[media]
+
+
comment
+= Media share
path =
+/media/HDD
valid
+users = @users
force
+group = users
create
+mask = 0660
directory
+mask = 0771
read
+only = no
+
+
+
+
+
+
sudo
+service samba restart
sudo
+useradd ChooseUsernameHere -m -G users
sudo
+passwd TheChosenUsername //after this choose a password for the new
+user
sudo
+smbpasswd -a TheChosenUsername //after this enter passwd again
>>>>>>>>>>>
+userA pi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
mount
+in Win10/Linux/etc. as
+smb://192.168.178.25/
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
https://raspberrytips.com/format-mount-usb-drive/
Formatting
+USB stick with RasPi:
$ sudo
+fdisk -l
$ sudo
+fdisk /dev/sda1
Create
+a new partition table : g (for GPT, use help for other format)
Create
+a new partition : n
You
+can keep the default values for a single partition
Confirm
+with Y to remove the signature
And
+finally write and exit fdisk: w
$ sudo
+mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
+OR:
+$ sudo
+mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1
+OR:
+$ sudo
+mkfs.ntfs /dev/sda1
+
+
+
+
+
+
$
+sudo
+mkfs -t vfat -I /dev/sda1
$
+sudo
+mount /dev/sda1
+/mnt/usb
+-o umask=000
$
+sudo umount /mnt/usb
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Filtering
+rows with SQLhttps://chartio.com/blog/simple-sql-filtering-rows/
SELECT
+column_name1, column_name2
FROM
+table_name
WHERE
+column_name1 operator value;
+
+
+
SELECT
+*
FROM
+hello_sensor
WHERE
+sensor_num = 0
+
ORDER
+BY `hello_sensor`.`recorded` DESC
+
+
+
+
+
+
Python
+MySQLPython
+MySQL Querying Datahttps://stackoverflow.com/questions/44634810/fastest-way-to-fetch-table-from-mysql-into-pandas
MyEngine=create_engine('[YourDatabase]://[User]:[Pass]@[Host]/[DatabaseName]',
+echo = True)
Downloading:
df =
+pd.read_sql_query('select * from [TableName]', con= MyEngine)
Uploading:
df.to_sql([TableName],
+MyEngine, if_exists = 'append', index=False)
+
+
+
+
+
+
Using
+mysql
+modulehttps://www.mysqltutorial.org/python-mysql-query/
https://www.codespeedy.com/fetch-data-from-mysql-table-in-python-program/
https://www.krazyprogrammer.com/2020/11/fetch-and-display-data-from-mysql-using.html
pip
+install mysql-connector
+
+
+
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_mysql/python_mysql_select_data.htm
+
+
+
import
+mysql.connector
+
+
+
#establishing
+the connection
conn =
+mysql.connector.connect(
user='admin3',
+password='pi',
+host='192.168.178.25', database='test_arduino'
)
+
+
+
#Creating
+a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor
+= conn.cursor()
+
+
+
#Retrieving
+single row
query
+= '''SELECT * from hello_sensor'''
+
+
+
#Executing
+the query
cursor.execute(query)
+
+
+
#Fetching
+1st row from the table
result
+= cursor.fetchone();
print(result)
+
+
+
#Fetching
+first
+two
+rows
+from the table
result
+= cursor.fetchmany(size=2);
print(result)
+
+
+
#Fetching
+all
+rows
+from the table
result
+= cursor.fetchall();
print(result)
+
+
+
#Closing
+the connection
conn.close()
+
+
+
+
+
+
Create
+tablehttps://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_mysql/python_mysql_create_table.htm
import
+mysql.connector
+
+
+
#establishing
+the connection
conn =
+mysql.connector.connect(
user='root',
+password='password', host='127.0.0.1', database='mydb'
)
+
+
+
#Creating
+a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor
+= conn.cursor()
+
+
+
#Dropping
+EMPLOYEE table if already exists.
cursor.execute("DROP
+TABLE IF EXISTS EMPLOYEE")
+
+
+
#Creating
+table as per requirement
sql
+='''CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
FIRST_NAME
+CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
LAST_NAME
+CHAR(20),
AGE
+INT,
SEX
+CHAR(1),
INCOME
+FLOAT
)'''
cursor.execute(sql)
+
+
+
#Closing
+the connection
conn.close()
+
+
+
Insert
+datahttps://www.tutorialspoint.com/python_mysql/python_mysql_insert_data.htm
import
+mysql.connector
#establishing
+the connection
conn =
+mysql.connector.connect(
user='root',
+password='password', host='127.0.0.1', database='mydb'
)
#Creating
+a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor
+= conn.cursor()
#
+Preparing SQL query to INSERT a record into the database.
insert_stmt
+= (
"INSERT
+INTO EMPLOYEE(FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX, INCOME)"
"VALUES
+(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)"
)
data =
+('Ramya', 'Ramapriya', 25, 'F', 5000)
try:
#
+Executing the SQL command
cursor.execute(insert_stmt,
+data)
#
+Commit your changes in the database
conn.commit()
except:
#
+Rolling back in case of error
conn.rollback()
#
+Closing the connection
conn.close()
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Schedule
+periodic RasPi reboothttps://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/2150/how-do-i-reboot-at-a-specific-time
https://smarthomepursuits.com/how-to-reboot-raspberry-pi-on-a-schedule/
$ sudo
+crontab -e
>>>>>
+choose nano editor
>>>>>
+enter following command at end of file for daily
+reboot
+at 13:03:
03 13 *
+* * /sbin/shutdown -r now
+
+
+
Check
+time in Linux commandline:
https://www.lifewire.com/display-date-time-using-linux-command-line-4032698
$ date
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Install
+KeePasshttps://keepass.info/download.html
https://sourceforge.net/p/keepass/discussion/329220/thread/17d1bd26/
sudo
+apt-add-repository ppa:jtaylor/keepass
sudo
+apt-get update
sudo
+apt-get install keepass2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Clean
+the repository of downloaded packagessudo
+apt-get
+autoclean
sudo
+apt-get
+clean
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
cleanup
+a /var/log/journal in Linux
+
+
+
How to
+tell how much space is being taken?
$
+journalctl
+--disk-usage
+
+
+
Fix:
+Option 3 (RECOMMENDED!):
$
+journalctl --vacuum-size=500M
This
+will delete old log files until the directory reaches the threshold
+size stipulated, in our case, 500M.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Change
+permission of mounted drive$
+sudo
+chmod -R 770 /media/bora/Medien
sudo
+mount -o rw,remount /media/bora/Medien
+
+
+
$ mount
+-v | grep "^/" | awk '{print "\nPartition identifier:
+" $1 "\n Mountpoint: " $3}'
$ sudo
+mount -o remount,rw /dev/sda5
+/media/bora/Medien
+
+
+
+
+
+
“If
+you are on a dual boot system and getting the error related to the
+read-only file system. One probable cause could be that your other
+system is not correctly shut down and might be in hibernation or
+sleep. So login to that system and shut it down properly and religion
+to your Linux system. this resolved the issue in my system”
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+